Replacing garage door springs is one of the most challenging and potentially dangerous DIY tasks for homeowners. Garage door springs are under a significant amount of tension, and improper handling can lead to serious injury or even death. However, with the right tools, knowledge, and safety precautions, it’s possible to replace your garage door springs safely and efficiently. In this guide, we’ll walk you through the entire process step by step, from identifying the type of spring to safely installing the new one.

Before you begin, it’s crucial to understand that garage door springs come in two main types: torsion springs and extension springs. Each type requires a different replacement approach, and both types are under high tension, which makes safety the number one priority. If at any point you feel uncertain about the process, it’s best to call a professional. But if you’re confident in your DIY skills, let’s dive in.

Understanding Garage Door Springs

Garage door springs are responsible for bearing the weight of the door as it opens and closes. There are two main types of garage door springs: torsion springs and extension springs.

• Torsion Springs are located above the door on a metal shaft, and they wind and unwind to lift and lower the door. These springs are generally more durable and last longer than extension springs. They are used in heavier garage doors and offer smoother, more balanced operation.
• Extension Springs are located on either side of the door, parallel to the horizontal tracks. These springs stretch and contract to open and close the door. Extension springs are typically found in lighter doors, such as single-car garage doors, and are generally less expensive but also less durable than torsion springs.

Knowing which type of spring your garage door uses is the first step in the replacement process. Torsion springs require more specialized tools and expertise, while extension springs are slightly easier to replace. However, both types involve dealing with high tension, so safety precautions are critical.

Safety Precautions Before You Begin

Replacing garage door springs is inherently risky due to the high tension they are under. Before starting the replacement process, make sure to follow these safety precautions:

1. Disconnect the Garage Door Opener: Ensure the garage door opener is unplugged or disconnected to prevent accidental operation while you’re working on the springs.
2. Secure the Garage Door: Clamp the garage door to the track using locking pliers or C-clamps to prevent it from moving during the spring replacement process. This will keep the door from accidentally opening or closing while you’re working.
3. Wear Protective Gear: Safety glasses and gloves are essential to protect your eyes and hands from any potential snapping springs or flying debris.
4. Use the Right Tools: Torsion springs require specific tools, such as winding bars, that are designed to safely handle the high tension. Do not attempt to use makeshift tools, as they can break or slip, causing injury.
5. Work with a Partner: If possible, have someone assist you during the process. They can help with holding tools, ensuring the door remains secure, and providing an extra set of hands if needed.

Tools and Materials You’ll Need

Gathering the right tools and materials before you start will make the process smoother and safer. Here’s what you’ll need:

• For Torsion Springs:
  • Winding bars (do not use screwdrivers or other tools)
  • Adjustable wrench or socket wrench
  • Clamps or locking pliers
  • Ladder
  • Safety glasses and gloves
  • Tape measure
  • Replacement torsion springs (matched to the size and weight of your door)
  • Marker or chalk (for marking positions)
• For Extension Springs:
  • Socket wrench or adjustable wrench
  • Clamps or locking pliers
  • Ladder
  • Safety glasses and gloves
  • Tape measure
  • Replacement extension springs (matched to the size and weight of your door)
  • Safety cables (if not already installed)

Having these tools on hand will help you avoid interruptions during the replacement process and ensure that you can complete the job safely and efficiently.

Step-by-Step Guide to Replacing Torsion Springs

If your garage door uses torsion springs, follow these steps to replace them safely:

1. Measure and Order the Correct Springs:
   • Before removing the old springs, measure the length, inside diameter, and wire size of the springs. This will ensure that you purchase the correct replacement springs. You’ll also need to know whether the spring is a left-wind or right-wind spring, which is determined by its location on the door.
2. Release Tension on the Old Springs:
   • Insert a winding bar into one of the holes on the winding cone (located at the end of the torsion spring). Hold the bar firmly, and loosen the screws on the winding cone using a wrench. Carefully let the tension off the spring by turning the winding cone in small increments, using the second winding bar to control the tension. Repeat this process until the spring is fully unwound.
3. Remove the Old Springs:
   • Once the tension is released, remove the bolts that secure the spring to the center bracket and slide the spring off the torsion bar. Repeat this process for the second spring if your door uses two springs.
4. Install the New Springs:
   • Slide the new spring onto the torsion bar, making sure it’s oriented in the correct direction (left-wind on the right side, right-wind on the left side). Secure the spring to the center bracket with the bolts.
5. Wind the New Springs:
   • Insert the winding bar into the winding cone and begin turning it in the direction required to wind the spring. Wind the spring the number of turns specified by the manufacturer, usually marked on the packaging or provided with the spring. After winding, tighten the screws on the winding cone to secure the spring in place.
6. Test the Door:
   • Once both springs are installed and wound, remove the clamps or pliers from the tracks. Reconnect the garage door opener and test the door by opening and closing it a few times. The door should move smoothly and remain balanced when partially open.

Step-by-Step Guide to Replacing Extension Springs

If your garage door uses extension springs, follow these steps:

1. Measure and Order the Correct Springs:
   • Measure the length and color code of your existing springs, as well as the door’s weight. Extension springs are typically color-coded to indicate their weight capacity. Order replacement springs that match these specifications.
2. Release Tension on the Old Springs:
   • Open the garage door fully to relieve most of the tension on the extension springs. Use C-clamps or locking pliers to secure the door in place by clamping the door to the track.
3. Remove the Old Springs:
   • Disconnect the safety cables (if present) and the S-hook or other connectors holding the spring in place. Carefully remove the old spring from the track and pulley system. Repeat this process for both sides if your door has two extension springs.
4. Install the New Springs:
   • Attach the new extension spring to the track and pulley system, ensuring it’s properly connected to the safety cable and the S-hook. If your old springs didn’t have safety cables, now is a good time to install them to prevent the spring from becoming a projectile if it breaks in the future.
5. Test the Door:
   • Remove the clamps from the track and carefully lower the garage door. Reconnect the garage door opener, if necessary, and test the door by opening and closing it a few times. Ensure the door operates smoothly and that the springs provide balanced tension.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Replacing garage door springs is a complex task, and it’s easy to make mistakes if you’re not careful. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:

1. Using Incorrect Tools: Using the wrong tools, especially for winding torsion springs, can lead to dangerous situations. Always use proper winding bars and other specified tools.
2. Not Measuring the Springs Correctly: If you order the wrong size or type of spring, your door won’t operate correctly. Take the time to measure accurately and confirm you have the correct replacement parts.
3. Ignoring Safety Precautions: Skipping safety steps, like securing the door or wearing protective gear, can result in serious injury. Always prioritize safety during the replacement process.
4. Over- or Under-Winding Torsion Springs: Winding the springs too much or too little can cause the door to function improperly or create dangerous tension. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions carefully.

When to Call a Professional

While replacing garage door springs can be a DIY project, it’s not for everyone. If you’re uncomfortable with the process or lack the necessary tools, it’s best to hire a professional. Signs that you should call a professional include:

• Lack of experience with similar projects
• Difficulty in safely releasing or applying tension to the springs
• The door is unusually heavy or has multiple springs
• You’re unsure about the correct spring specifications or installation process

Professional technicians have the experience, tools, and safety knowledge to replace springs efficiently and safely. Hiring a professional can also save you time and ensure the job is done correctly the first time.

Conclusion

Replacing garage door springs is a task that requires careful attention to detail, the right tools, and a strong emphasis on safety. By following the steps outlined in this guide, you can replace your garage door springs safely and efficiently, restoring your door to smooth operation. However, always assess your comfort level and experience before taking on this project. If in doubt, consulting or hiring a professional is the safest choice.